English

Common Abbreviations

A

Abbreviation	Full Name	Meaning
API	Application Programming Interface	Some predefined functions, or conventions used to connect different components of a software system.
ARM	Advanced RISC Machine	The first RISC microprocessor designed by Acorn Ltd. in the UK with low power consumption cost. Its main design goals are low cost, high performance, and low power consumption. It is designed in 32-bit, but also equipped with a 16-bit instruction set, which generally saves up to 35% than the equivalent 32-bit code while retaining all the advantages of 32-bit systems.

B

Abbreviation	Full Name	Meaning
BPU	Brain Processing Unit	A self-developed programmable acceleration engine of Horizon Robotics, which has iterated on the following computing platform products: Computing platforms: Sunrise I, Sunrise II, Journey II, Sunrise III, Journey III, Journey V and Journey VI. FPGA computing platform: Matrix 1.0, Matrix 1.6, Matrix 2.0, etc.

C

Abbreviation	Full Name	Meaning
CPU	Central Processing Unit	One of the main devices of a computer, the function is mainly to interpret computer instructions and to process data in computer software. As the computing and control core of the computer, it is the final execution unit for information processing and program operation.

D

Abbreviation	Full Name	Meaning
DDR	Double Data Rate SDRAM	SDRAM transfers data once in a clock cycle, while DDR transfers data twice in a clock cycle, once on the rising edge and once on the falling edge, a concept known as prefetching. MT/S units are generally used when describing DDR speed, meaning how many megabytes of data transfer per second.
DL	Deep Learning	A new research direction in the field of machine learning, deep learning is the process of learning the intrinsic laws and manifestation levels of sample data. The information obtained from these learning processes can be of great help in the interpretation of data such as text, images and sounds. Its ultimate goal is to enable machines to learn analytically, like humans, and to recognize data such as text, images, and sounds.

F

Abbreviation	Full Name	Meaning
FPS	Frames Per Second	Frames recognized accurately per second, used to reflect the computation efficiency of a processor. Under the same precision, higher FPS means faster processing speed, and vice versa. Horizon believes that compute power does not fully reflect the real performance of a processor. It is like, for a car, horsepower (in HP) is not as good as 0-100 km acceleration time (in seconds) to reflect the real power performance of the car, for an automotive processor, the compute power (unit: TOPS) does not reflect the actual performance, but the frame per second (unit: FPS) is a more realistic performance indicator.

H

Abbreviation	Full Name	Meaning
HBDK	Horizon BPU Development Kit	Horizon's application development toolchain for BPU processors, which contains compilers and a series of development tools for convenient heterogeneous development, such as runtime library (Runtime library) for BPU optimization CPU master core compiler in BPU, BPU simulator, and APIs shielding the complex details of heterogeneous hardware.
HBM	Horizon BPU Model	Model file generated by HBDK compiler. The HBM contains information such as BPU commands, model parameters, and input and output descriptions.
HBIR	Horizon BPU Intermediate Representation	HBDK-defined model intermediate representation (IR).
HBRT	Horizon BPU Runtime	The runtime of the HBDK compilation toolset, usually used as one of the underlying base setups for other embedded development toolkits, provides a series of APIs used to enable upper-level code to parse the HBM file, generate the configuration information needed to drive the BPU and process the running results of the BPU model.
HMCT	Horizon Model Convert Toolkit	HMCT is a model conversion tool provided by Horizon, which completes the post-quantization of the model through the process of parsing, optimization, and calibration of the model.

L

Abbreviation	Full Name	Meaning
LMDB	Lightning Memory-Mapped Database	LMDB uses memory mapped files to provide better input/output performance. LMDB files can be opened by multiple processes at the same time, with very high data access speed and simple access. There is no need to run a separate database management process, just reference the LMDB library in the code that accesses the data by providing the file path.

P

Abbreviation	Full Name	Meaning
PTQ	Post-training Quantization	A post-training quantization method that first trains a floating-point model and then uses a calibrated picture to calculate quantization parameters to convert the floating-point model into a quantized model.

Q

Abbreviation	Full Name	Meaning
QAT	Quantized Awareness Training	The floating-point model structure is first intervened during the floating-point training, allowing the model to perceive the loss from the quantization and reduce the accuracy loss brought by the quantization.

R

Abbreviation	Full Name	Meaning
RPC	Remote Procedure Call	It is a protocol for requesting services from the remote computer programs over the network without the need to understand the underlying network technologies.